Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Self-assembling short immunostimulatory duplex RNAs with broad spectrum antiviral activity

doi: 10.1101/2021.11.19.469183

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic diagram of a cross-section through the human Lung-on-Chip, which faithfully recapitulate human lung physiology and pathophysiology. ( B ) Human Lung Airway and Alveolus Chips were transfected with RNA-1 or scrambled RNA control by perfusion through both channels of the chip and 48 h later, the epithelial and endothelial cells were collected for detection of IFN-β mRNA by qPCR (data are presented as fold change relative to the RNA control; N = 3; *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001). ( C ) Effects of treatment with RNA-1 or a scrambled control in the human Lung Airway Chips or human Lung Alveolus Chips infected with influenza A/HK/8/68 (H3N2) (MOI = 0.1) at 24 h after RNA-1 treatment. Viral load was determined by quantifying the viral NP gene by qPCR in cell lysates at 48 h after infection. Results are shown as fold change relative to RNA control; N=3; *, p < 0.05. ( D ) Treatment with immunostimulatory duplex RNAs resulted in potent inhibition of multiple potential pandemic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Indicated cells were treated with RNA-1, RNA-2, or a scrambled control and infected with influenza A/HK/8/68 (H3N2) (MOI = 0.1), SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 0.05), SARS-CoV-1 (MOI = 0.01), MERS-CoV (MOI = 0.01), and HCoV-NL63 (MOI = 0.002), respectively, at 24 h after RNA transfection. Viral load was determined by quantifying the viral NP gene for H3N2, and the N gene for SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 by qPCR in cell lysates at 48 h after infection; viral loads of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were determined by plaque assay at 48 h after infection. All results are shown as fold change relative to RNA control; N=3; *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) was generated using reverse genetics technique and influenza A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) was obtained from the ATCC.

Techniques: Transfection, Control, Infection, Inhibition, Plaque Assay

Journal: Antiviral research

Article Title: Consensus M2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles confers protection against H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1 influenza A viruses

doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.01.021

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acetone-fixed-influenza virus-infected MDCK cells were used to evaluate the ability of antibodies generated by AuNP-M2e+sCpG to bind M2 expressed on cells. Immunofluorescence assays were performed using day 0 and day 42 mouse serum at 1:50 dilution after pooling sera of vaccinated mice. Uninfected MDCK cells were used as a negative control. California-H1N1pdm: A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm); Victoria-H3N1: A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2); Vietnam-H5N1: A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1).

Article Snippet: Influenza A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) virus was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) and mouse adapted by serial passages in the lungs of BALB/c mice.

Techniques: Virus, Infection, Generated, Immunofluorescence, Negative Control

Journal: Antiviral research

Article Title: Consensus M2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles confers protection against H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1 influenza A viruses

doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.01.021

Figure Lengend Snippet: MDCK cells that were acetone fixed before infection or after infection with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm) (California-H1N1pdm), A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) (Victoria-H3N2), or A/Vietnam/1203/2004(H5N1) (Vietnam-H5N1) were used as immunoabsorbants to evaluate the ability of antibodies induced by the AuNP-M2e+sCpG vaccine to bind M2 in its homotetrameric form expressed on infected cells. (A) Day 42 mouse serum was used at 1:50 dilution after pooling sera of vaccinated mice. The vertical columns represent the mean and the error bars represent standard deviation. Optical density (OD) of the ELISA reaction was measured at 492 nm wavelength. (B) Amino acid sequences of: consensus M2e, M2e used for immunization, and M2e for the three viruses used to infect MDCK cells.

Article Snippet: Influenza A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) virus was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) and mouse adapted by serial passages in the lungs of BALB/c mice.

Techniques: Infection, Standard Deviation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Antiviral research

Article Title: Consensus M2e peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles confers protection against H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1 influenza A viruses

doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.01.021

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mice were vaccinated with AuNP-M2e+sCpG or saline (placebo) on days 0 and 21, and challenged on day 42 with 3xLD50 of California-H1N1pdm: A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm); or 3xLD50 of Victoria-H3N1: A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2); or 1xLD90 of Vietnam-H5N1: A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1). (A) Survival rate and (B) body weight after pdm-CA2009-H1N1 virus infection. n=12 in AuNP-M2e+sCpG group, n=13 in placebo group. (C)Survival rate and (D) body weight after Victoria-H3N2 virus infection. n=13 in both groups. (E)Survival rate and (F) body weight after Vietnam-H5N1 virus infection. n=12 in both groups.

Article Snippet: Influenza A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) virus was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) and mouse adapted by serial passages in the lungs of BALB/c mice.

Techniques: Saline, Virus, Infection

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Development of an efficient Sanger sequencing-based assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260850

Figure Lengend Snippet: PCR results and lineage information associated with the respiratory pathogens used in this study.

Article Snippet: , Influenza A virus , ATCC VR-810 , Not provided , Not classified , Negative.

Techniques: Virus, Bacteria

Journal: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

Article Title: Development and evaluation of a rapid nucleic acid amplification method to detect influenza A and B viruses in human respiratory specimens

doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.04.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sensitivity of the multiplex RT-SIBA Influenza assay for the detection of influenza viruses. (a) Influenza A H1N1 virus. (b) Influenza A H3N2 virus. (c) Influenza B virus. (d) Melting curve profiles of influenza viruses (200 copies of influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2, and influenza B RNA).

Article Snippet: Purified and quantified viral particles from influenza A H1N1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) VR-95PQ), influenza A H3N2 (ATCC VR-544PQ), and influenza B (ATCC VR-1804PQ) were obtained from ATCC (LGC Standards, Germany).

Techniques: Multiplex Assay, Virus

Journal: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

Article Title: Development and evaluation of a rapid nucleic acid amplification method to detect influenza A and B viruses in human respiratory specimens

doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.04.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Limit of detection of the multiplex RT-SIBA Influenza assay.

Article Snippet: Purified and quantified viral particles from influenza A H1N1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) VR-95PQ), influenza A H3N2 (ATCC VR-544PQ), and influenza B (ATCC VR-1804PQ) were obtained from ATCC (LGC Standards, Germany).

Techniques: Multiplex Assay, Virus